heritable jurisdiction. Hist. Scots law. The power of a laird to try his own people and hand down punishments, including death. • The laird or clan chief traditionally acted as a supreme court. There was no appeal from decisions, and sentences were usu. carried out immediately. The Heritable Jurisdiction Act of 1748 abolished this power.
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heritable jurisdiction 世袭管辖权 指封建制下领主对封臣的司法管辖权。
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feudal courts 领地法院；采邑法院 在12世纪，封建领主有权以领主身份为佃户主持法院。在13世纪，由于以下三个原因，该法院之重要性降低：１封建法的原则要求有一个从下到上的领地法院系统，而有些大领主的领地往往分散各处，使大的领地法院不可能存在；２王室司法权的扩张减少了领地法院的必要性；３所有封建制度的附属权利义务逐渐被视为具有获利的性质，被视为财产。领地法院的司法权逐渐成为只是土地占有的附属权益，可以世袭。领地法院后来发展出了领地封臣法庭〔courts baron〕和习惯法庭〔court customary〕，分别处理自由土地保有人〔freeholder〕之间和公簿土地持有人〔copyholder〕之间发生的纠纷。在苏格兰，大封建领主的世袭司法权〔heritable jurisdictions〕直到1747年才被废除。
sheriff. [Middle English shire reeve from Anglo-Saxon scirgerefa] 1. A county’s chief peace officer, usu. elected, who in most jurisdictions acts as custodian of the county jail, executes civil and criminal process, and carries out judicial mandates within the county. — Also termed high sheriff; vice-comes. [Cases: Sheriffs and Constables 1. C.J.S. Sheriffs and Constables
An estate that is heritable only by specified descendants of the original grantee, and that endures until its current holder dies without issue (e.g., “to Albert and the heirs of his body”). • Most jurisdictions — except Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island — have abolished the fee tail. — Also termed entailed estate; estate